Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD)
Dr. Nicola Scopinaro introduced the Biliopancreatic Diversion in Italy during 1979.The procedure combines malabsorption with some gastric restriction. A large pouch between 250 and 400 ccs is created with the upper portion and the lower stomach is surgically removed (distal gastrectomy). The pyloric valve is circumvented so "dumping" often occurs. The duodenum (top part of the small intestine) is bypassed and the stomach pouch is connected to the lower 2-3 meters of the small intestine. Then, 4-metres of the small bowel (60%) is bypassed making the channel approximately 50 cm.
Stand-Alone Duodenal Switch
The Stand-Alone Duodenal Switch procedure (without the accompanying gastric bypass as used in weight-loss surgery) was developed by Dr. Tom R. DeMeester in the 1980's to treat bile-reflux gastritis, a condition in which the stomach and esophagus are irritated by bile that goes back through the pylorus to the stomach.
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS)
In 1986, Dr. Douglas Hess modified BPD and combined it with Duodenal Switch. This hybrid procedure is often referred to as the Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch, or GR-DS (Gastric Reduction- Duodenal Switch). Keep in mind; the BPD portion has been modified from the original procedure so the name can be misleading.
Duodenal Switch (DS)
DS surgeons and patients commonly refer to this procedure as the Duodenal Switch. Hess's Duodenal Switch has the advantages of the BPD, but without some of the associated problems like marginal ulcers, stoma closures and blockages, dumping syndrome, and serious protein-calorie malnutrition; all of which can occur after other gastric bypass procedures.